PRESENT CONTINOUS/ PRESENT PROGRESIVE

Present continous atau present progresive adalah bentuk kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (happening at now).

Rumus:

·          (+) S + tobe (is, am, are) + V-ing + O

·         (-) S + tobe + note + V-ing + O

·         (?) tobe + S + V-ing + O ?

·         Is -> He, She, It

·         am -> I

·         Are -> We, you, they

Example:

·         (+) We are studyung  English right now.

·         (-) We are not (aren’t) studying English right now.

·         (?) Are we studying English right now?

# THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: QUESTIONS

Question Be + Subject + Ing	Short Answer	Long Answer
a)   Is Marya sleeping ?	-  Yes, she, is -  No, she’s not -  No,  she isn’t	-  She’s sleeping -  She’s not sleeping -  She isn’t sleeping
b)   Are you watching TV?	-  Yes, she isn’t -  No, I’m not	-  i’m watching TV -  I’m not watching TV

# Simple Past Tense -> Nominal (With be)

PRESENT TIME	PAST TIME
a)    I am in class today. b)    Alice is at the library today. c)    My friends are at home today.	a)    I was in class yesterday. b)    Alice was at the library yesterday. c)    My friends were at home yesterday.

# SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF BE

Singular	Plural
-  I was                  -  You were (one person) -  She was -  He was -  It was	-   we were -   you were (more than one person) -   they were

I, She, He, It ( + was )         

We, You, They ( + were )                                                               

            Were + not = weren’t

A.     NEGATIVE

	NEGATIVE CONTRACTIONS
-  I was not at class yesterday -  I wasn’t in class yesterday -  They was note at home last night -  They weren’t at home last night	-   was + not = wasn’t -   Were + not = weren’t

I, She, He, It (+ wasn’t)

We, You, They (+ weren’t)

B.     TIME EXPRESSION

Present	Past
Today	yesterday
This motning	yesterday morning
This afternon	yesterday afternoon
Tonight	last night
This week	last week

C.    QUESTIONS

YES/NOW QUESTIONS	SHORT ANSWER  +  (LONG ANSWER)
Were you in class yesterday? (Be) + (subject)	a)    yes, I was  (I was in class yesterday) b)    No, I wasn’t  (I wasn’t in class yesterday)
Was Carlos at home last night? (be) + (subject)	a.  Yes, he was  (He was at home last night) b.  No, he wasn’t  (He wasn’t at home last)

# SIMPLE PAST TENSE -> VERB (WITH VERB)

Rumus:

·         (+) S + V2 + O

·         (-) S + did + not + VI + O

·         (?) did + S + VI + O

·         Did -> I, we, you, they, he, she, it.

Example:

a)    I walk to school every day

b)    I walked to school yesterday

c)    Ann Walks to school every day

d)    Ann Walked to school yesterday

A.     IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT     PAST

Come             - came

Do                   -did

Eat                  -ate

Get                  -got

Go                   -went

Have              -had

Put                  -put

Soe                 -saw

Sit                   -sat

Sleep             -slept

Stand             -stood

Write              -wrote

Example:

a)    I come to class every day.

b)    I come to class yesterday

c)     I do my homework every day.

a)    I did my homework yesterday.

B.     YES/NO QUESTIONS

Did Mary walk to school?	-  yes,she did  (She walked to school) -  No,she didn’t  (She didn’t walk to school)
Did you come to class?	-  Yes,I did  (I came to class) -  No, I didn’t  (I didn’t come to class)

C.   PAST PROGRESIVE -> an activity in progress at a particular time in the past

·         (+) S + tobe (was, were) + V-ing + O

·         (-) S – tobe + not + V-ing + O

·         (?) tobe + S + V-ing + O?

Was  ( I,he,she,it )

Were  ( we,you, they )

Example:

·         (+) We were studying English.

·         (-) We were not (weren’t) studying English

·         (?) Were we studying English?

# SIMPLE FUTURE -> Future

a)    Be going to

·         (+) S + tobe (is, am, are) + going + to + O

·         (-) S + tobe + not + going + to + V I + O

·         (?) tobe + going + to + V I + O ?

·         I am going to leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.

·         I am not going leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.

·         Am I going to leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.

b)    Will

·         (+) S + will + V I + O

·         (-) S + will + V I + O

·         (?) Will + S + V I + O ?

·         I will study hard.

·         I will not (won’t) study hard.

·         Will study hard ?

A.     BE GOING TO vs. WILL

# When to use GOING TO

The structure BE GOING TO is normally used to indicate the future but with some type of connection to the present. We use it in the following situations:

a)    When we have already decided or we INTEND to do something in the future. (Prior Plan)

The decision has been made before the moment of speaking.

• They're going to retire to the beach - in fact they have already bought a little beach house.
• I'm going to accept the job offer.

b)    When there are definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)

Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you have.

• I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.
• I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw up. (throw up = vomit)

c)    When something is about to happen:

• Get back! The bomb is going to explode.

When to use WILL

In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit connection to the present, use WILL:

a)    For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)

This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.

• I'll buy one for you too.
• I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this right now)

b)    When we think or believe something about the future. (Prediction)

• My team will not win the league this season.
• I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.

Note: You can use both Will and Going to for making future predictions.

c)    To make an offer, a promise or a threat.

• I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.
• I promise I will behave next time.
• I'll take you to the movies if you'd like.

d)    You use WON'T when someone refuses to do something.

• I told him to take out the trash but he won't do it.
• My kids won't listen to anything I say.
• My car won't start.

# Future Predictions

As you can see, both Will and Going to can be used for making future predictions without having a real difference in meaning.

• The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. (Correct)
• The weather report says it is going to rain tomorrow. (Correct)

Compare Will vs. Going To

If someone asks: "Are you busy this evening?"

If I respond: "Yes, I'm going to the movies." I use going to because it is a plan I made earlier (before I was asked the question). - In this case we cannot use Will.

If I haven't made plans, then you can say either: "I will probably watch TV." OR "I'm probably going to watch TV."

Both will and going to are possible in this situation because we are predicting what will happen (since we haven't made any plans).