PRESENT
CONTINOUS/ PRESENT PROGRESIVE
Present
continous atau present progresive adalah bentuk kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang (happening at now).
Rumus:
·
(+) S + tobe (is, am, are) + V-ing + O
·
(-) S
+ tobe + note + V-ing + O
·
(?)
tobe + S + V-ing + O ?
·
Is
-> He, She, It
·
am
-> I
·
Are
-> We, you, they
Example:
·
(+) We
are studyung English right now.
·
(-) We
are not (aren’t) studying English right
now.
·
(?)
Are we studying English right now?
# THE PRESENT
PROGRESSIVE: QUESTIONS
|
Question
Be + Subject + Ing
|
Short
Answer
|
Long
Answer
|
|
a)
Is Marya
sleeping ?
|
- Yes, she, is
- No, she’s not
- No,
she isn’t
|
- She’s sleeping
- She’s not sleeping
- She isn’t sleeping
|
|
b)
Are you watching
TV?
|
- Yes, she isn’t
- No, I’m not
|
- i’m watching TV
- I’m not watching TV
|
#
Simple Past Tense -> Nominal (With be)
|
PRESENT TIME
|
PAST TIME
|
|
a)
I
am in class today.
b)
Alice
is at the library today.
c)
My
friends are at home today.
|
a)
I
was in class yesterday.
b)
Alice
was at the library yesterday.
c)
My
friends were at home yesterday.
|
# SIMPLE PAST
TENSE OF BE
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
- I
was
- You
were (one person)
- She
was
- He
was
- It
was
|
-
we were
-
you were (more than one person)
-
they were
|
I, She, He, It ( + was )
We, You, They ( + were )
Were
+ not = weren’t
A.
NEGATIVE
|
|
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTIONS
|
|
- I was not at class yesterday
- I wasn’t in class yesterday
- They was note at home last night
- They weren’t at home last night
|
-
was + not = wasn’t
-
Were + not = weren’t
|
I, She, He, It (+ wasn’t)
We, You, They (+ weren’t)
B.
TIME
EXPRESSION
|
Present
|
Past
|
|
Today
|
yesterday
|
|
This motning
|
yesterday morning
|
|
This afternon
|
yesterday afternoon
|
|
Tonight
|
last night
|
|
This week
|
last week
|
C.
QUESTIONS
|
YES/NOW QUESTIONS
|
SHORT
ANSWER +
(LONG ANSWER)
|
|
Were you in class yesterday?
(Be) + (subject)
|
a)
yes, I was (I was in class yesterday)
b)
No, I wasn’t (I wasn’t in class yesterday)
|
|
Was Carlos at home last night?
(be) + (subject)
|
a. Yes,
he was (He was at home last night)
b. No,
he wasn’t (He wasn’t at home last)
|
# SIMPLE
PAST TENSE -> VERB (WITH VERB)
Rumus:
·
(+) S
+ V2 + O
·
(-) S
+ did + not + VI + O
·
(?)
did + S + VI + O
·
Did
-> I, we, you, they, he, she, it.
Example:
a)
I walk to school every day
b)
I walked to school yesterday
c)
Ann Walks to school every day
d)
Ann Walked to school yesterday
A.
IRREGULAR
VERBS
PRESENT PAST
Come -
came
Do -did
Eat -ate
Get -got
Go -went
Have -had
Put -put
Soe -saw
Sit -sat
Sleep -slept
Stand -stood
Write -wrote
Example:
a)
I come to
class every day.
b)
I come to class yesterday
c)
I do my
homework every day.
a)
I did my homework yesterday.
B.
YES/NO
QUESTIONS
|
Did Mary walk to school?
|
- yes,she
did (She walked to school)
- No,she
didn’t (She didn’t walk to school)
|
|
Did you come to class?
|
- Yes,I
did (I came to class)
- No,
I didn’t (I didn’t come to class)
|
C.
PAST
PROGRESIVE -> an activity in progress at a particular time in the past
·
(+) S
+ tobe (was, were) + V-ing + O
·
(-) S
– tobe + not + V-ing + O
·
(?)
tobe + S + V-ing + O?
Was ( I,he,she,it )
Were ( we,you, they )
Example:
·
(+) We
were studying English.
·
(-) We
were not (weren’t) studying English
·
(?)
Were we studying English?
# SIMPLE FUTURE
-> Future
a)
Be
going to
·
(-) S
+ tobe + not + going + to + V I + O
·
(?)
tobe + going + to + V I + O ?
·
I am
going to leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.
·
I am
not going leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.
·
Am I
going to leave at 9 a.m tomorrow morning.
b)
Will
·
(+) S
+ will + V I + O
·
(-) S
+ will + V I + O
·
(?)
Will + S + V I + O ?
·
I will
study hard.
·
I will
not (won’t) study hard.
·
Will
study hard ?
A.
BE GOING
TO vs. WILL
# When to use GOING TO
The structure BE GOING TO is normally
used to indicate the future but with some type of connection to the present. We
use it in the following situations:
a)
When we have
already decided or we INTEND to do something in the future. (Prior Plan)
The decision
has been made before the moment of speaking.
- They're going to retire to the beach
- in fact they have already bought a little beach house.
- I'm going to accept the job offer.
b)
When there are
definite signs that something is going to happen. (Evidence)
Something is
likely to happen based on the evidence or experience you have.
- I think it is going to rain - I
just felt a drop.
- I don't feel well. I think I'm going to throw
up. (throw up = vomit)
c)
When something
is about to happen:
- Get back! The bomb is going to explode.
When to use WILL
In other cases, where there is no implicit or explicit
connection to the present, use WILL:
a)
For things that
we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)
This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a
spontaneous way.
- I'll buy one for you too.
- I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided
this right now)
b)
When we think
or believe something about the future. (Prediction)
- My team will not win the league this season.
- I think it will rain later so take an umbrella
with you.
Note: You can use both Will and Going
to for making future predictions.
c)
To make an
offer, a promise or a threat.
- I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.
- I promise I will behave next time.
- I'll take you to the movies if you'd like.
d)
You use WON'T
when someone refuses to do something.
- I told him to take out the trash but he won't do
it.
- My kids won't listen to anything
I say.
- My car won't start.
# Future Predictions
As you can see, both Will and Going
to can be used for making future predictions without having a real
difference in meaning.
- The weather report says it will rain
tomorrow. (Correct)
- The weather report says it is going to rain
tomorrow. (Correct)
Compare Will vs. Going To
If someone asks: "Are you busy this evening?"
If I respond: "Yes, I'm going to the
movies." I use going to because it is a plan I made
earlier (before I was asked the question). - In this case we cannot use Will.
If I haven't made plans, then you can say either:
"I will probably watch TV." OR "I'm probably going
to watch TV."
Both will and going to are
possible in this situation because we are predicting what will happen (since we
haven't made any plans).
