SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRSENT

A.     Pengertian

Simple present tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian yang terjadi saat ini dan yang akan datang.

a.  Habits

Example:

-     I always drink coffee at work.

-     She gets up at 7 a.m. every day.

-     They usually eat dinner at home.

b.  General fact

Example:

-     The Earth is not flat.

-     The sun rises in the east.

-     Water boils at 100 degrees C.

c.   True in the present

Example:

-     He works on Wall Street.

-     She is sixty years old.

-     We live in New York.

d.  Future timetables

Example:

-     My train arrives tomorrow.

-     We fly to Paris on Monday.

-     Classes begin next week.

B.    Subject

a.  Singular

1st person      : I talk

2nd person    : you talk

3rd person     : - she talks

                          - he talks

                          - it rains

b. Plural

     1st person      : we talks

     2nd person    : you talk

     3rd person     : they talk

Notice: the verb after she, he, it (3rd person singular) has a final –s: talks.

# Kata yang berakhiran “sh, ch, ss, and x

-     sh     : push             = pushes       (+es)

-     ch     : teach            = teaches      (+es)

-     ss      : kiss               = kisses          (+es)

-     x        : fix                  = fixes            (+es)

# Kata yang berakhiran “Y”

a.  - cry              = cries

-  try               = tries

b.  - pay             = pays

-  enjoy          = enjoys

End of verb:       consonant + -y

     Spelling:        change y to i, add –es

End of verb:       vowel + -y

     Spelling:        add -s

C.    Rumus Simple Present Tense (verbal sentence)

(+) S + V1 (s/es) + O

(-)  S + do/ does + S + V1 + O

(?) do/ does + S + V1 + O ?

Keterangan:

s/es          : he, she, it

do             : I, You, They, We

does        : He, She, It

Example:

1.     (+) Farid enjoys a coffee.

(-)  Farid does not (doesn’t) enjoy a coffee.

(?) Does Farid enjoy a coffee?

2.     (+) They studies math.

(-)  They do not (don’t) study math.

(?) Do They study math?

Jawaban untuk do/ does question:

(?) Does Farid enjoy a coffee?

-     Yes, he does.

-     No, he does not.

(?) Do They study math?

-     Yes, they do.

-     No, they do not.

D.    Frequency Adverb with Verb

100%                   : always          Bob always cats breakfast.

90%-99%            : usually         Mary usually cats breakfast.

75%-90%            : often             They often watch TV at night.

25%-75%            : sometimes   Tom sometimes watches TV.

5%-10%              : seldom         I seldom watch TV.

1%-10%              : rarely            I rarely drink milk.

0%                       : Never           I never eat paper.

# Rumus Frequency Adverb with Verb

Subject +            always            + verb

Subject +            usually           + verb

Subject +            often               + verb

Subject +            sometimes     + verb

Subject +            seldom           + verb

Subject +            rarely              + verb

Subject +            vever              + verb

E.   Rumus Simple Present Tense (Nominal)

(+) S + to be (is, am, are) + (Adj + adv).

Example: (+) She is at home.

(-)  S + to be (is, am, are) + not + (Adj + Adv).

Example: (-)  She is not (isn’t) at home,

(?) to be + S + (Adj + Adv).

Example: (?) Is she at home?

Note:   is             ( He, she, it )

am            ( I )

are            ( You, They, We )

# Frequency Adverb with to be = tidak ada verb

Subject             +          BE       + Frequency adverb

Example: Tom + is + sometimes (frequency adverb) + late for class.